Prisoners and Convicts in Departmental Institutions: 2010 Statistics
The following statistical data relate to the number and composition of convicts serving sentences in penal correction institutions in 2010
The State Penal Service of Ukraine consists of a central apparatus, 25 territorial management bodies of the Department, 184 institutions, 703 units of the penal inspection, and educational institutions (two initial training centres and one college of the second accreditation level).
According to data contained on the Department’s website www.kvs.gov.ua, as of 01.01.2011, there were 154,027 persons in places of detention (a year earlier – 147,716 persons), including 113,917 convicts in 141 institutions (108,187 persons), of whom 6,731 were women (6,311 women); in educational colonies – 1,434 persons (65 fewer than a year earlier); and 39,363 persons were held in pre-trial detention centres (a year earlier – 38,030; six months earlier – 40,024 persons). Over the year, the number of prisoners in the Department’s institutions increased by 6,311 persons (+4.27%), whereas in the previous year it increased by 1,770 persons (+1.21%). Higher growth rates were observed only in 1999.
The dynamics of the number of persons in the Department’s institutions over the last ten years are presented in the following Table 1.
During 2010, 47,048 newly convicted persons entered penal institutions (data in parentheses hereafter refer to 2009 – 41,411 persons), and 37,227 persons were released (39,213 persons), including 21,237 persons (20,890 persons) released on parole. Data on the composition of convicts held in the Department’s penal institutions as of 20 January 2011 are presented in the following Table 2.
The largest proportion of convicts are persons serving sentences for theft – 27,966 persons (24.55%, a year earlier 22.8%); 17,971 persons were convicted for intentional homicide (15.8%, a year earlier – 16.8%). It is evident that the increase in the number of convicts is occurring due to persons who have committed non-serious crimes.
Of the persons convicted in 2010, 25,910, or 55.1%, had previously served sentences (21,426 persons, or 51.7%). There is a slightly different ratio between first-time convicts and those who have been convicted before among all persons serving sentences (54,824 persons, or 48.1%, are serving sentences for the first time (52,833 persons, or 48.5%); 59,093 persons, or 51.9%, are not serving sentences for the first time (56,096 persons, or 51.5%)). In Ukraine, 2,332 foreign citizens, or 1.96% (2,234 persons, or 2.05%), and 6,993 stateless persons, or 6.1% (6,787 persons, or 6.2%), are serving sentences of imprisonment.
Table 1
|
Total number of persons in Departmental institutions |
Change in the number of persons in Departmental institutions as a % of the previous year |
|
|
01.01.1999 |
206,191 |
|
|
01.01.2000 |
218,083 |
+ 5.77 |
|
01.01.2001 |
222,254 |
+ 1.91 |
|
01.01.2002 |
192,293 |
- 13.48 |
|
01.01.2003 |
197,641 |
+ 2.78 |
|
01.01.2004 |
191,677 |
- 3.02 |
|
01.01.2005 |
188,465 |
- 1.68 |
|
01.01.2006 |
170,923 |
- 9.31 |
|
01.01.2007 |
160,725 |
- 5.97 |
|
01.01.2008 |
149,690 |
- 6.87 |
|
01.01.2009 |
145,946 |
- 2.65 |
|
01.01.2010 |
147,716 |
+ 1.21 |
|
01.01.2011 |
154,027 |
+ 4.27 |
The number of life-sentenced prisoners increased in 2010 by 90 persons (in 2009 – by 68 persons) and amounted to 1,696 persons as of 20.11.2010. Of these, 1,379 persons were held in penal institutions (+36 persons during the year), and 317 in pre-trial detention centres (+54 during the year).
As noted above, the number of persons held in pre-trial detention centres in 2010 increased by 3.5% (+1,333 persons), whereas a year earlier it had increased by 11.4%, or +3,882 persons.
The occupancy rate of pre-trial detention centres across the country varies: 17 centres are under-capacity, and 15 are overcrowded (see Table 3). The highest excess capacity is in the detention centres of Donetsk (928 persons, 47%), Simferopol (446 persons, 30%), Kyiv (1,058 persons, 37%), and Kharkiv (719 persons, 25.6%). The most ‘spacious’ conditions are in the detention centres of Zhytomyr (-706 persons, 36%) and N-Siverskyi (-147 persons, 45.5%).
Despite the above, the level of application of pre-trial detention as a precautionary measure remains invariably too high. This measure is largely applied to persons who have committed non-serious crimes, yet their detention in pre-trial centres is dictated by ‘convenience’ for the investigation, as the defendant is always ‘at hand’, rather than because it is impossible not to apply such a measure.
The unjustifiable excessive use of pre-trial detention is also evidenced by statistical data on the reasons for the release of persons from detention centres, shown in Table 4. Among the main reasons for which persons were released from detention centres are the imposition of sentences not involving imprisonment, as well as the imposition of a custodial sentence, but for a relatively short term—as a rule, a term the held person has already served while in the detention centre. Throughout the year, almost one in four of those who enter a detention centre is released. It is obvious that the crimes for which they are convicted are not of a nature that warrants severe punishment.
Composition of convicts held in the Department’s penal institutions as of 20 January 2011
Table 2
|
Total |
Incl. institutions for women |
|||||
|
Number of penal institutions |
141 |
12 |
||||
|
Number of convicts on the register as of 01.01.2010 |
108,926 |
6,311 |
||||
|
Total convicts received during 2010 |
90,501 |
5,141 |
||||
|
Including |
newly convicted |
47,048 |
3,023 |
|||
|
of whom previously served sentences |
25,910 |
933 |
||||
|
other arrivals |
43,453 |
2,118 |
||||
|
Total convicts departed during 2010 |
85,510 |
4,721 |
||||
|
Including |
Total released |
37,227 |
2,389 |
|||
|
Of which |
upon completion of the sentence term |
13,468 |
889 |
|||
|
parole and commutation of sentence |
21,237 |
1,352 |
||||
|
by pardon |
82 |
36 |
||||
|
persons suffering from a serious illness |
902 |
66 |
||||
|
by amnesty |
2 |
0 |
||||
|
on other grounds |
1,536 |
46 |
||||
|
Total transferred/sent |
48,283 |
2,332 |
||||
|
Including |
transferred from maximum to medium security level |
515 |
0 |
|||
|
transferred from medium to maximum security level |
193 |
0 |
||||
|
Died |
584 |
21 |
||||
|
Number on the register at the end of the reporting period |
113,917 |
6,731 |
||||
|
Of the total number of convicts |
Convicted for |
crimes against the foundations of national security |
4 |
1 |
||
|
intentional homicide |
17,971 |
1,332 |
||||
|
intentional grievous bodily harm |
10,839 |
710 |
||||
|
Rape |
2,622 |
16 |
||||
|
Robbery |
13,665 |
410 |
||||
|
Burglary/Grobbery |
16,047 |
484 |
||||
|
theft |
27,966 |
1,407 |
||||
|
misappropriation, embezzlement of property or taking possession thereof through abuse of office |
581 |
135 |
||||
|
Hooliganism |
2,415 |
46 |
||||
|
war crimes |
107 |
0 |
||||
|
Serving imprisonment |
For the first time |
54,824 |
4,525 |
|||
|
Repeatedly |
59,093 |
2,206 |
||||
|
By work capacity |
Able-bodied |
110,008 |
6,321 |
|||
|
disabled of the 3rd group |
2,366 |
311 |
||||
|
disabled of the 1st and 2nd group |
1,543 |
99 |
||||
|
By social groups |
Workers |
21,596 |
927 |
|||
|
Employees |
2,826 |
194 |
||||
|
agricultural workers |
6,708 |
259 |
||||
|
Military personnel |
84 |
0 |
||||
|
Students/Pupils |
3,724 |
163 |
||||
|
able-bodied persons who are not working and not studying |
71,100 |
4,173 |
||||
|
Other |
7,880 |
1,015 |
||||
|
Convicts whose death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment |
96 |
0 |
||||
|
Convicts ordered by court sentence to undergo compulsory treatment (Art. 96 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) |
930 |
18 |
||||
|
Including |
Alcoholics |
638 |
17 |
|||
|
Drug addicts |
292 |
1 |
||||
|
Foreign citizens |
2,332 |
113 |
||||
|
Including |
from far abroad |
81 |
1 |
|||
|
from near abroad |
2,251 |
112 |
||||
|
Stateless persons |
6,993 |
44 |
||||
Number of persons released from pre-trial detention centres during 2010
Table 4
|
Released from pre-trial detention centre |
2002 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Total % of total number of persons who arrived at the detention centre |
15,379 |
14,186 / 9.3% |
15,040 |
13,270/ 22.3% |
12,886 |
13,604 22.5% |
14,412 22.3% |
|
Due to courts applying sentences not involving imprisonment |
8,600 |
8,392 |
8,487 |
7,346 |
6,230 |
5,942 |
|
|
Due to a change of precautionary measure to a more lenient one |
2,702 |
2,103 |
2,250 |
2,109 |
2,336 |
2,540 |
|
|
Due to the expiry of the sentence term (including parole) |
3,881 |
3,604 |
3,987 |
3,673 |
3,810 |
4,916 |
6,571 |
|
Due to case dismissal by courts and acquittal verdicts |
115 |
46 |
293 |
120 |
107 |
38 |
|
|
Due to case dismissal by investigative bodies and inquiry agencies |
81 |
15 |
Number of persons held in pre-trial detention centres as of 01.01.2011
Table 3
|
No. |
Name of institution |
Total held |
Normative capacity |
Actual detention centre occupancy +/- to norm |
Convicted |
Arrested (pre-sentence) |
|
1 |
Penal Institution of Vinnytsia |
1,326 |
1,535 |
- 203 |
693 |
618 |
|
2 |
Lutsk Detention Centre |
364 |
405 |
-41 |
197 |
167 |
|
3 |
Dnipropetrovsk Detention Centre |
3,188 |
3,382 |
- 194 |
1,119 |
1,929 |
|
4 |
Kryvyi Rih Detention Centre |
1,034 |
1,080 |
- 46 |
383 |
577 |
|
5 |
Donetsk Detention Centre |
2,898 |
1,970 |
+ 928 |
902 |
1,737 |
|
6 |
Artemivsk Detention Centre |
2,014 |
1,630 |
+ 384 |
767 |
1,247 |
|
7 |
Mariupol Detention Centre |
823 |
693 |
+ 130 |
363 |
460 |
|
8 |
Penal Institution of Zhytomyr |
1,253 |
1,959 |
- 706 |
613 |
637 |
|
9 |
Uzhhorod Detention Centre |
523 |
662 |
- 139 |
177 |
345 |
|
10 |
Zaporizhzhia Detention Centre |
1,200 |
953 |
+ 247 |
403 |
671 |
|
11 |
Vilniansk Detention Centre |
653 |
800 |
- 147 |
290 |
360 |
|
12 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Detention Centre |
636 |
617 |
+19 |
243 |
371 |
|
13 |
Kyiv Detention Centre |
3,908 |
2,850 |
+ 1,058 |
1,267 |
2,537 |
|
14 |
Kirovohrad Detention Centre |
1,122 |
901 |
+ 221 |
392 |
706 |
|
15 |
Simferopol Detention Centre |
1,930 |
1,484 |
+ 446 |
842 |
1,087 |
|
16 |
Luhansk Detention Centre |
1,642 |
1,382 |
+ 260 |
394 |
1,200 |
|
17 |
Starobilsk Detention Centre |
552 |
668 |
- 116 |
115 |
437 |
|
18 |
Lviv Detention Centre |
1,244 |
1,389 |
- 145 |
345 |
871 |
|
19 |
Mykolaiv Detention Centre |
1,107 |
1,199 |
- 92 |
483 |
595 |
|
20 |
Odesa Detention Centre |
1,871 |
1,913 |
- 42 |
596 |
1,240 |
|
21 |
Izmail Detention Centre |
610 |
704 |
- 94 |
220 |
385 |
|
22 |
Poltava Detention Centre |
1,009 |
982 |
+ 27 |
317 |
653 |
|
23 |
Rivne Detention Centre |
490 |
599 |
- 109 |
210 |
278 |
|
24 |
Sumy Detention Centre |
803 |
518 |
+ 285 |
382 |
405 |
|
25 |
Chortkiv Detention Centre |
209 |
406 |
- 197 |
103 |
97 |
|
26 |
Kharkiv Detention Centre |
3,527 |
2,808 |
+ 719 |
1,224 |
2,174 |
|
27 |
Kherson Detention Centre |
845 |
912 |
- 67 |
205 |
603 |
|
28 |
Khmelnytskyi Detention Centre |
567 |
636 |
- 69 |
235 |
311 |
|
29 |
Cherkasy Detention Centre |
750 |
657 |
+ 93 |
278 |
469 |
|
30 |
Chernihiv Detention Centre |
478 |
420 |
+ 58 |
304 |
160 |
|
31 |
N-Siverskyi Detention Centre |
176 |
323 |
- 147 |
85 |
90 |
|
32 |
Chernivtsi Detention Centre |
611 |
555 |
+ 56 |
285 |
326 |
|
TOTAL |
39,363 |
36,992 |
+ 2,371 |
14,432 |
23,743 |
|
It is worth noting that the country still lacks a post-penitentiary support system for those being released. Therefore, persons released from places of detention very often face numerous problems. If they lack social ties, resolving issues of resettlement after release can be extremely difficult for them. These problems affect thousands of people.
The execution of sentences not involving imprisonment is handled by the Penal Inspection within the Department. A few years ago, the number of persons registered with the Penal Inspection exceeded the number of prisoners held in places of detention.
As of 01.01.2011, there were over 180,000 persons on the Penal Inspection register. The largest proportion of these persons received a sentence of release from serving a sentence with probation – 125,960 persons. 22,600 persons were serving sentences in the form of community service, and 3,952 in the form of correctional labour.
Table 6
Morbidity and Mortality in Departmental Institutions
|
Indicators |
1.1.2004 |
1.1.2005 |
1.1.2006 |
1.1.2007 |
1.1.2008 |
1.1.2009 |
1.1.2010 |
1.1.2011 |
|
Number of persons in places of detention |
191,677 |
188,465 |
170,923 |
160,725 |
149,690 |
145,946 |
147,716 |
154,027 |
|
Died |
824 |
808 |
868 |
741 |
729 |
765 |
761 |
808 |
|
Per 1,000 prisoners |
4.30 |
4.29 |
5.08 |
4.61 |
4.87 |
5.24 |
5.15 |
5.25 |
|
Cases of suicide |
41 |
44 |
40 |
44 |
54 |
40 |
44 |
44 |
|
Per 1,000 prisoners |
0.21 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.27 |
0.36 |
0.27 |
0.30 |
0.29 |
|
Patients with active tuberculosis |
9,080 |
10,198 |
9,020 |
approx. 7.6 thousand |
6,195 |
6,079 |
5,667 |
5,486 |
|
Per 1,000 prisoners |
47.37 |
54.1 |
52.77 |
47.28 |
41.4 |
41.65 |
38.36 |
35.62 |
|
HIV-infected |
1,917 |
3,568 |
4,058 |
4,695 |
5,017 |
5,073 |
6,069 |
6,020 |
|
Per 1,000 prisoners |
10.0 |
18.93 |
23.7 |
29.2 |
33.5 / + 15% |
34.8 / + 3.6% |
41.1/ +18% |
39.1 |
Table 5
Execution of sentences not involving imprisonment
as of 1 January 2011
|
No. p/p |
Region |
Total persons sentenced to punishments not involving imprisonment, persons to whom an administrative penalty has been applied, and persons released on parole from serving a sentence (over 12 months) |
Deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities |
Community service |
Correctional labour |
Release from serving a sentence with probation (registered at the end of the reporting period, over 12 months) |
||
|
total |
incl. minors |
Registered at the end of the reporting period, over 12 months |
total |
incl. minors |
||||
|
1 |
AR Crimea |
9,780 |
348 |
671 |
859 |
295 |
6,485 |
325 |
|
2 |
Vinnytsia |
6,450 |
207 |
293 |
891 |
116 |
4,534 |
190 |
|
3 |
Volyn |
3,722 |
146 |
211 |
486 |
77 |
2,624 |
137 |
|
4 |
Dnipropetrovsk |
16,701 |
397 |
879 |
1,920 |
120 |
11,533 |
371 |
|
5 |
Donetsk |
18,666 |
512 |
964 |
2,114 |
810 |
9,768 |
479 |
|
6 |
Zhytomyr |
5,706 |
259 |
241 |
1,207 |
122 |
3,592 |
242 |
|
7 |
Zakarpattia |
3,419 |
150 |
213 |
333 |
51 |
2,666 |
144 |
|
8 |
Zaporizhzhia |
10,257 |
327 |
415 |
1,200 |
112 |
7,682 |
301 |
|
9 |
Ivano-Frankivsk |
2,273 |
93 |
274 |
486 |
151 |
1,128 |
80 |
|
10 |
City of Kyiv and Kyiv region |
13,617 |
374 |
1,233 |
1,006 |
239 |
9,445 |
356 |
|
11 |
Kirovohrad |
5,728 |
230 |
165 |
1,144 |
61 |
3,795 |
207 |
|
12 |
Luhansk |
13,425 |
368 |
576 |
1,023 |
269 |
10,113 |
349 |
|
13 |
Lviv |
5,840 |
185 |
361 |
776 |
191 |
4,003 |
178 |
|
14 |
Mykolaiv |
6,980 |
200 |
247 |
1,514 |
169 |
4,401 |
194 |
|
15 |
Odesa |
9,385 |
417 |
425 |
818 |
75 |
7,340 |
411 |
|
16 |
Poltava |
5,806 |
165 |
261 |
885 |
86 |
3,872 |
142 |
|
17 |
Rivne |
3,626 |
224 |
129 |
814 |
65 |
2,352 |
212 |
|
18 |
City of Sevastopol |
1,842 |
19 |
96 |
252 |
32 |
1,309 |
18 |
|
19 |
Sumy |
3,952 |
187 |
258 |
636 |
219 |
2,282 |
156 |
|
20 |
Ternopil |
2,522 |
59 |
198 |
500 |
75 |
1,589 |
53 |
|
21 |
Kharkiv |
12,617 |
546 |
520 |
487 |
86 |
10,206 |
543 |
|
22 |
Kherson |
6,199 |
169 |
313 |
906 |
109 |
4,269 |
151 |
|
23 |
Khmelnytskyi |
4,627 |
161 |
328 |
557 |
141 |
3,350 |
147 |
|
24 |
Cherkasy |
4,658 |
114 |
217 |
421 |
68 |
3,370 |
102 |
|
25 |
Chernihiv |
5,000 |
179 |
301 |
1,216 |
103 |
2,821 |
144 |
|
26 |
Chernivtsi |
2,025 |
76 |
194 |
149 |
110 |
1,431 |
75 |
|
TOTAL |
184,823* |
6,112 |
9,983 |
22,600 |
3,952 |
125,960 |
5,707 |
|
*Including 22,256 persons released on parole from serving a sentence who were on the register at the end of the reporting period